labarai

Abin da muka sani game da hauhawar cutar sankarau a duniya

Ba a bayyana yadda wasu mutane kwanan nan suka gano cutar ta kamu da kwayar cutar kyandar biri ba, ko kuma yadda take yaduwa
An sake samun karin sabbin masu kamuwa da cutar sankarau a fadin duniya, tare da rahotanni da dama a kasar Burtaniya kadai. A cewar Hukumar Tsaron Lafiya ta Burtaniya (UKHSA), an samu shaidun baya da ba a san yaduwar cutar kyandar biri a cikin al'ummar kasar ba. ya samo asali ne daga rodents a Tsakiya da Yammacin Afirka kuma ana yada shi zuwa ga mutane sau da yawa. Al'amuran da ke wajen Afirka ba su da yawa kuma ya zuwa yanzu an gano su ga matafiya masu kamuwa da cuta ko kuma dabbobin da aka shigo da su.
A ranar 7 ga Mayu, an ba da rahoton cewa wani mutum da ke tafiya daga Najeriya zuwa Burtaniya ya kamu da cutar sankarau, bayan mako guda, hukumomi sun ba da rahoton wasu bututun biyu a Landan wadanda da alama ba su da alaka da na farko. Akalla hudu daga cikin wadanda aka gano kwanan nan suna dauke da cutar. ba shi da masaniya game da lamuran ukun da suka gabata - yana ba da shawarar wani nau'in kamuwa da cuta da ba a san shi ba a cikin jama'a.
A cewar Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya, duk mutanen da suka kamu da cutar a Burtaniya sun kamu da cutar reshen Afirka ta Yamma, wanda ke da sauki kuma yawanci ba tare da magani ba.Cutar ta fara ne da zazzabi, ciwon kai, ciwon kai da gajiya. Yawancin lokaci, bayan haka. kwana daya zuwa uku, kurji yana tasowa, tare da blisters da pustules kwatankwacin wanda kananan yara ke haifarwa, wanda a karshe ya kaure.
"Labari ne mai tasowa," in ji Anne Limoyne, farfesa a fannin ilimin cututtuka a makarantar UCLA Fielding na Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a.Rimoin, wanda ya shafe shekaru yana nazarin cutar sankarau a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, yana da tambayoyi da yawa: A wane mataki na cutar. Shin mutane nawa ne suka kamu da cutar? Shin da gaske an gano waɗannan sabbin maganganu ko tsofaffin shari'o'i? Nawa ne daga cikin waɗannan cututtukan farko - cututtukan da aka gano daga saduwa da dabbobi? Nawa ne daga cikin cututtukan biyu ko mutum-da-mutum? Menene tarihin tafiya na wanda ya kamu da cutar? Shin akwai alaƙa tsakanin waɗannan lamuran? "Ina tsammanin ya yi wuri don yin wani takamaiman bayani," in ji Rimoin.
A cewar UKHSA, yawancin mutanen da suka kamu da cutar a Burtaniya maza ne da suka yi jima'i da maza kuma suka kamu da cutar a London. Wasu masana sun yi imanin cewa cutar na iya faruwa a cikin al'umma, amma kuma ta hanyar kusanci da wasu mutane, ciki har da 'yan uwa ko kuma ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya.Cutar cutar na yaduwa ta hanyar digo-digo a cikin hanci ko baki.Haka kuma ana iya yaduwa ta hanyar ruwan jiki, irin su pustules, da abubuwan da suka hadu da ita.Sai dai, yawancin masana sun ce kusanci ya zama dole don kamuwa da cuta.
Susan Hopkins, babbar mai ba da shawara kan kiwon lafiya ta UKHSA, ta ce wannan rukunin masu kamuwa da cutar a Burtaniya ba kasafai ba ne kuma ba a saba gani ba.A halin yanzu hukumar tana bin diddigin mutanen da suka kamu da cutar.Ko da yake bayanai daga Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo a farkon shekarun 1980 da tsakiyar 2010 sun nuna cewa Lambobin haifuwa masu tasiri a wancan lokacin sun kasance 0.3 da 0.6 bi da bi - ma'ana cewa kowane mai kamuwa da cutar ya yada cutar zuwa ƙasa da mutum ɗaya a cikin waɗannan rukunin a matsakaici - ƙarin ƙarin shaidar da ke nuna cewa, a cikin wasu yanayi, tana iya yaduwa gaba ɗaya daga mutum zuwa mutum. Mutum.Saboda dalilan da har yanzu ba a bayyana ba, adadin masu kamuwa da cuta da barkewar cutar na karuwa sosai - wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ake daukar cutar kyandar biri a matsayin barazana ga duniya.
Kwararru ba su bayyana damuwarsu nan da nan ba game da barkewar barkewar kasa da kasa yayin da lamarin ke ci gaba da tabarbarewa. ”Ban damu ba” game da yuwuwar barkewar annoba a Turai ko Arewacin Amurka, in ji Peter Hotez, shugaban makarantar National School of Tropical. Magunguna a Kwalejin Magunguna ta Baylor.Tarihin, yawancin kwayar cutar tana yaduwa daga dabbobi zuwa mutane, kuma watsawar mutum-da-mutum yawanci yana buƙatar kusanci ko kusanci." kananan yara,” in ji Hotez.
Babban matsalar, in ji shi, ita ce yaduwar kwayar cutar daga dabbobi - watakila rodents - a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, Najeriya da Yammacin Afirka. coronaviruses kamar waɗanda ke haifar da SARS da COVID-19 kuma yanzu cutar sankarau - waɗannan Zoonoses ne marasa daidaituwa, waɗanda ke yaduwa daga dabbobi zuwa mutane, ”in ji Hotez.
Ba a san adadin masu kamuwa da cutar da ke mutuwa daga kamuwa da cutar sankarau ba saboda rashin isassun bayanai.Kungiyoyin da aka sani masu haɗari sune masu rigakafin rigakafi da yara, inda kamuwa da cuta a lokacin daukar ciki na iya haifar da zubar da ciki. Kashi 10% ko sama da haka, duk da cewa bincike na baya-bayan nan ya nuna cewa adadin wadanda suka kamu da cutar bai kai kashi 5% ba, akasin haka, kusan duk wanda ya kamu da cutar ta yammacin Afirka ya tsira. hudu daga cikinsu sun raunana tsarin rigakafi.
Babu magani ga cutar sankarau da kanta, amma ana samun magungunan cidofovir, brindofovir da tecovir mate. Matsaloli a lokacin irin wadannan cututtuka na viral.Da farko a yanayin cutar sankarau, ana iya magance cutar ta hanyar yin allurar rigakafin cutar kyandar biri da sankarau ko kuma tare da shirye-shiryen rigakafin da aka samu daga mutanen da aka yi wa alurar riga kafi. Kwanan nan Amurka ta ba da umarnin samar da miliyoyin allurai na rigakafin a 2023 da 2024 .
Adadin wadanda suka kamu da cutar a Burtaniya, da kuma shaidar ci gaba da yaduwa a tsakanin mutanen da ke wajen Afirka, sun ba da sabuwar alamar da ke nuna cewa kwayar cutar ta sauya dabi'arta.Binciken da Rimoin da abokan aikinsa ya yi ya nuna cewa adadin wadanda suka kamu da cutar a Jamhuriyar Dimokaradiyyar Kwango na iya kasancewa. ya ninka sau 20 a tsakanin shekarun 1980 zuwa tsakiyar 2000. Bayan 'yan shekaru, cutar ta sake bulla a kasashen yammacin Afirka da dama: a Najeriya, alal misali, an samu fiye da mutane 550 da ake zargi da kamuwa da cutar tun daga shekarar 2017, wadanda fiye da An tabbatar da 240, ciki har da mutuwar 8.
Dalilin da ya sa yawancin 'yan Afirka ke kamuwa da cutar yanzu ya zama abin ban mamaki. Abubuwan da suka haifar da barkewar cutar Ebola na baya-bayan nan, wacce ta kamu da dubban mutane a yammacin Afirka da Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, na iya taka rawa. Masana sun yi imanin cewa abubuwa kamar karuwar yawan jama'a da karin matsuguni. kusa da dazuzzuka, da kuma karuwar hulɗa da dabbobi masu yuwuwar kamuwa da cuta, yana ba da damar yaduwar ƙwayoyin cuta ga ɗan adam.A lokaci guda, saboda yawan yawan jama'a, ingantattun ababen more rayuwa da ƙarin tafiye-tafiye, ƙwayar cuta takan yaɗu cikin sauri, mai yuwuwar haifar da barkewar duniya. .
Yaduwar cutar sankarau a yammacin Afirka na iya nuna cewa kwayar cutar ta bulla a cikin sabuwar dabbar dabba. Kwayar cutar na iya kamuwa da dabbobi iri-iri, da suka hada da beraye da birai da alade da antateater. sauran nau'ikan dabbobi da mutane - kuma wannan shine bullar cutar ta farko a wajen Afirka. A cikin 2003, kwayar cutar ta shiga Amurka ta hanyar rodents na Afirka, wadanda suka kamu da cutar da aka sayar da dabbobi. kasar ta kamu da cutar sankarau.
Duk da haka, a halin da ake ciki na kamuwa da cutar sankarau a halin yanzu, abin da aka yi imanin shi ne mafi mahimmanci shi ne raguwar allurar rigakafin cutar sankara a duniya. mutane sun karu a hankali tun bayan kammala aikin rigakafin cutar sankarau, wanda hakan ya sa cutar ta fi saurin kamuwa da cutar kyandar biri, sakamakon haka, yawan kamuwa da cutar daga mutum zuwa mutum ya karu daga kashi daya bisa uku a shekarun 1980 zuwa uku. kwata kwata a shekarar 2007. Wani abin da ke haifar da raguwar allurar rigakafin shine, yawan shekarun mutanen da ke kamuwa da cutar sankarau ya karu da adadin.Lokacin da aka kawo karshen yakin rigakafin cutar sankarau.
Kwararru a Afirka sun yi gargadin cewa cutar kyandar biri za ta iya rikidewa daga cutar zoonotic da ta barke a yankin zuwa wata cuta mai saurin yaduwa a duniya. 2020 takarda.
"A halin yanzu, babu wani tsarin duniya da zai kula da yaduwar cutar sankarau," in ji masanin ilimin halittar dan Adam Oyewale Tomori a cikin wata hira da aka buga a cikin The Conversation a bara. Amma a cewar UKHSA, yana da wuya cewa barkewar yanzu ta zama annoba a cikin Hatsarin da ke tattare da jama'ar Burtaniya ya zuwa yanzu ya yi kadan. Yanzu, hukumar tana neman karin shari'o'i tare da yin aiki tare da abokan hulda na kasa da kasa don gano ko akwai tarin cututtukan biri a wasu kasashe.
"Da zarar mun gano kararraki, to za mu yi cikakken bincike na shari'a tare da tuntuɓar ganowa - sannan kuma wasu jerin abubuwa don yaƙar yadda wannan cutar ke yaɗuwa," in ji Rimoin. wani lokaci kafin hukumomin kiwon lafiyar jama'a su lura. "Idan kun kunna tocila a cikin duhu," in ji ta, "za ku ga wani abu."
Rimoin ya kara da cewa har sai masana kimiyya sun fahimci yadda ƙwayoyin cuta ke yaɗuwa, "dole ne mu ci gaba da abin da muka riga muka sani, amma tare da tawali'u - ku tuna cewa waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta koyaushe na iya canzawa da haɓakawa."


Lokacin aikawa: Mayu-25-2022
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